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4 Product Design Approaches (& the Thought Leaders Behind Them)

  • Simone Pinto
  • Sep 8
  • 2 min read
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Why Systems Thinking Is the Superpower That Ties Them All Together

Most products don’t fail because the idea was bad.

They fail because discovery was too narrow.

Over the years, I’ve seen four dominant approaches to product design — each with its own mindset, strengths, and risks. You’ve probably used one (or more) of them. But the truth is, none of them are enough on their own.


Here’s the breakdown:


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In Summary

Approach

Core Question

Superpower

Fails When ...

Customer-Led

What do users need?

Empathy

Users misdiagnose their needs

Tech-Led

What can we invent?

Innovation

No market exists

Product-Led

What hooks users fast?

Scalable acquisition

Experience doesn't build loyalty

System-Led

What forces are at play?

Strategic alignment

You ignore how the system behaves

Each approach has its own Superpower, but most founders default to customer-led or tech-led discovery.

They’re more visible, easier to explain, and easier to sell.

But they’re incomplete.

System-led discovery gives you leverage because:

  • You don’t just understand users; you understand dynamics.

  • You don’t just build cool stuff; you build the right intervention.

  • You don’t just launch; you create change that lasts.




The 101 Framework™ is Not Competing with Other Approaches.

It's Completing Them.

Most founders start with a customer insight, a great idea, or a breakthrough technology.

What they don’t see is the system that idea is about to collide with.

That’s where the 101 Framework™ comes in.

It’s the invisible scaffolding that turns vision into reality — responsibly, strategically, and with systems intelligence.




What I Actually Do (in Plain English)

  1. Decode the System: Map the real forces at play — markets, incentives, blockers, stakeholders.

  2. Shape the Idea: Translate raw concepts into clear interventions with SMART goals and alignment.

  3. Move from Concept to Proof: Build prototypes or PoCs that test in the real world, not just in theory.

  4. Guide Go-to-Market the Smart Way: Launch MVPs with system-informed strategy and learning loops built in.




Why It Matters

Ideas don’t fail. Execution does.

And execution fails when it doesn’t adapt to:

  • System complexity (politics, power, interdependencies)

  • Speed of change (tech, culture, markets)

  • Lack of clarity (vague ideas, overbuilding, poor validation)

Most innovators aren’t short on ideas. They’re short on the structure, insight, and momentum to carry those ideas into impact.

That’s what system-led discovery provides.




Closing Thought

ERP didn’t kill jobs — it changed workflows.

Streaming didn’t kill TV — it evolved it.

AI won’t kill humans — but it will fail if we don’t design for trust and adoption.

Every wave of innovation teaches us the same lesson: technology succeeds when systems are understood.

That’s why systems-led discovery isn’t just another framework. It’s the scaffolding every other approach depends on.




Want to dive deeper into why systems-led discovery is the missing superpower in product design?

Sign up for the full 9-part blog series 'From Vision to Value: A Systems-Led Discovery Series' and see how we break down the traps, myths, and blindspots — from Zero-to-One to Lean to AI — and show how systems thinking ties it all together.



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